ASSESSING MONTHLY AVERAGE RUNOFF DEPTH IN SĂRĂȚEL RIVER BASIN, ROMANIA

The estimation of the average monthly runoff depth was performed due to SCS-CN method adjusted with slope. This method is focused on the estimation of the runoff depth caused by precipitation, depending on the retention caused by various land use types and hydrological soil groups. In the present study, the SCS-CN method adjustment was possible due to the following formula: CN2α = , proposed by Huang et al. (2006). The precipitation values contained in the SCS-CN formula, in order to estimate the average runoff depth, were spatially modelled by correlating the precipitation values from 11 meteorological stations with the stations' altitude. The spatially modelled values were integrated the formula for SCS-CN method adjusted with the slope value and, finally, the surface runoff depth was spatially modelled within Sărățel river basin. The highest values of the parameter are about 92 mm, in June, when precipitation records its highest values. The analysis of the runoff coefficient values demonstrates that surface runoff depth grows simultaneously with the precipitation values.

Pipera Neighborhood - Voluntari City (Romania). Problems regarding inconsistency between the residential dynamic and the street network evolution between 2002 and 2011

Les problèmes de la croissance résidentielle et l'évolution du réseau routier entre 2002 et 2011. La période de l’explosion immobilière a déterminé, seulement en dix ans, le doublage de la surface occupée par la zone résidentielle du quartier de Pipera. Le développement dans un rythme plus lent de la texture de la rue a déterminé l’apparition d’une série de problèmes dans les nouveaux quartiers de villas qui se référent surtout { l’accessibilité difficile dans cette zone, mais aussi { l’infrastructure utilitaire. Pour représenter spatialement les zones avec des problèmes, on a réalise, { l’aide des techniques GIS, la Carte des discordances entre la dynamique résidentielle et celle du réseau de la rue entre 2002-2011. On a utilisé la relation de la soustraction entre l’évolution de la densité des maisons dans dix ans et l’évolution de l’accessibilité donnée par la texture de la rue. On a détermine l’accessibilité par le produit de la densité des voies et la qualité de celles-ci. Les zones avec des problèmes identifiés sur le terrain sont, surtout, les nouveaux quartiers des promoteurs immobiliers, avec une grande densité des villas

Using GIS techniques for surface runoff potential analysis in the Subcarpathian area between Buzãu and Slãnic rivers, in Romania

The Subcarpathian area between Buzău and Slănic rivers, located in the south-eastern part of Romania, is one of the most affected areas by the torrential related phenomena. This occurs due to physical-geographical and economical-geographical factors, such as: slope, curvature profile, lithology, soil texture and land use. In order to calculate and spatially model the surface runoff potential index, these factors were integrated and worked in GIS enviroment. Each characteristic of the factors was given a bonitation score, according to the way that it influences surface runoff. By applying the methodology mainly taken after Smith (2003), the Flash-Flood Potential Index was obtained, with values between 19.4 - 44.5. The highest values of the index correspond to deforestated slopes, which exceed 15º, located in Bălăneasa and Sărățel river basins

Pipera Neighborhood - Voluntari City (Romania): problems regarding inconsistency between the residential dynamic and the street network evolution between 2002 and 2011

La période de l’explosion immobilière a déterminé, seulement en dix ans, le doublage de la surface occupée par la zone résidentielle du quartier de Pipera. Le développement dans un rythme plus lent de la texture de la rue a déterminé l’apparition d’une série de problèmes dans les nouveaux quartiers de villas qui se référent surtout à l'accessibilité difficile dans cette zone, mais aussi à l’infrastructure utilitaire. Pour représenter spatialement les zones avec des problèmes, on a réalise, à l’aide des techniques GIS, la Carte des discordances entre la dynamique résidentielle et celle du réseau de la rue entre 2002-2011. On a utilisé la relation de la soustraction entre l’évolution de la densité des maisons dans dix ans et l’évolution de l’accessibilité donnée par la texture de la rue. On a détermine l’accessibilité par le produit de la densité des voies et la qualité de celles-ci. Les zones avec des problèmes identifiés sur le terrain sont, surtout, les nouveaux quartiers des promoteurs immobiliers, avec une grande densité des villas

THE POTENTIAL FOR WATER DIFFUSE POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN ARIEȘ RIVER BASIN

The potential for water diffuse pollution with heavy metals in Arieș river basin. Arieș river basin is found mostly in the area of mining extractions from Apuseni Mountains. Its position causes a high vulnerability of water courses to pollution with heavy metals derived from mine waters. In this sutdy, in order to determine the potential for water diffuse pollution in Arieș river basin, two main factors were integrated in GIS software, respectively: the potential for surface runoff and the localization of the sources of water pollution with heavy metals (quarries, mines, blank depositions, decantation ponds). The highlighting of the potential for water diffuse pollution was achieved by computing the DPPI index for each river sub-basin. The index was computed by multiplying the average values of the Flash-Flood Susceptibility Index for each river sub-basin by the number of difuse pollution sources (quarries, mines, blank depositions, decantation ponds) within the sub-basin units. The results relieved that the most exposed areas to pollution correspond to water courses from Valea Șesei, Roșia Montană, Valea Buciumanilor river basins and implicitly Abrud river basin, which contains the last two mentioned river basins. The validation of the results was performed by  consulting the data reports offered by the Agency for Environmental Protection from Alba county, which confirm the severe water pollution with heavy metals

THE PLEASURE FACTOR IN THE ANTHROPIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF BEAUTY

The paper represents a socio-geographic analysis of the products, objects and entities designed and manufactured for an anthropic environment use, looking to evaluate the different types of pleasure and the emotional feedback generated by these elements. The analysis of the four types of pleasure, as well as the innate preference for beauty, was conducted in the urban areas of Lisbon, based on the observations collected in April 2014, with no claims to have gathered all the relevant examples for this modelcity. The conclusion is that the design-approach based on pleasure in the anthropic environment can now be significantly and systematically applied to help create a better environment, in terms of human emotional responses to it

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment of a Part of the Western Ghats (India) Employing the AHP and F-AHP Models and Comparison with Existing Susceptibility Maps

Landslides are prevalent in the Western Ghats, and the incidences that happened in 2021 in the Koottickal area of the Kottayam district (Western Ghats) resulted in the loss of 10 lives. The objectives of this study are to assess the landslide susceptibility of the high-range local self-governments (LSGs) in the Kottayam district using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy-AHP (F-AHP) models and to compare the performance of existing landslide susceptible maps. This area never witnessed any massive landslides of this dimension, which warrants the necessity of relooking into the existing landslide-susceptible models. For AHP and F-AHP modeling, ten conditioning factors were selected: slope, soil texture, land use/land cover (LULC), geomorphology, road buffer, lithology, and satellite image-derived indices such as the normalized difference road landslide index (NDRLI), the normalized difference water index (NDWI), the normalized burn ratio (NBR), and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The landslide-susceptible zones were categorized into three: low, moderate, and high. The validation of the maps created using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) technique ascertained the performances of the AHP, F-AHP, and TISSA maps as excellent, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value above 0.80, and the NCESS map as acceptable, with an AUC value above 0.70. Though the difference is negligible, the map prepared using the TISSA model has better performance (AUC = 0.889) than the F-AHP (AUC = 0.872), AHP (AUC = 0.867), and NCESS (AUC = 0.789) models. The validation of maps employing other matrices such as accuracy, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) also confirmed that the TISSA model (0.869, 0.226, and 0.122, respectively) has better performance, followed by the F-AHP (0.856, 0.243, and 0.147, respectively), AHP (0.855, 0.249, and 0.159, respectively), and NCESS (0.770, 0.309, and 0.177, respectively) models. The most landslide-inducing factors in this area that were identified through this study are slope, soil texture, LULC, geomorphology, and NDRLI. Koottickal, Poonjar-Thekkekara, Moonnilavu, Thalanad, and Koruthodu are the LSGs that are highly susceptible to landslides. The identification of landslide-susceptible areas using diversified techniques will aid decision-makers in identifying critical infrastructure at risk and alternate routes for emergency evacuation of people to safer terrain during an exigency

Roads exposure to blizzard phenomenon in the plain area of Buzau county (Romania)

L'exposition à la tempête de neige des routes dans les plaines de Buzău. Les plaines des Buzău represéntent unes des plus vulnérables zones au phénomène de la tempête de neige. Cette phénomèn produit le plus grand dommage en ce qui concerne la functionnement des routes, causant souvent leur bloc. Les plus vulnérables routes dans cette zone, en fonction de leur importance économique, sont les routes reliant les villes de Buzău, Râmnicu Sărat et Pogoanele avec les résidences du comté voisin, et la route européen 85 avec la région du Moldavie. La carte de la vulnérabilité des routes dans les plaines de Buzău montre que les routes plus exposé sont E85 et DN 22 (entre Râmnicu Sărat et Brăila)

The identification of suitable areas for afforestation in order to reduce the potential for surface runoff in the upper and middle sectors of Buzãu catchment

Deforestations, besides the global climate change, are the main cause of the intensification of f loods and flash - floods in the latest years. Since surface runoff is the main phenomenon leading to floods or flash - floods, afforestation is necessary, forest coverage being the element that retains most of the water from precipitation. The study area, repr esented by the upper and middle sectors of Buzau River basin, is one of the most affected regions of Romania by torrential phenomena. Also, the study area was chosen due to its considerable deforestation. This paper proposes a methodology created exclusive ly by GIS techniques in order to identify the areas suitable for afforestation. Thus, land cover and slope relief were taken into account when running the GIS model. Database processing and obtaining the final results were possible by implementing a workfl ow in Model Builder from ArcGIS 10.3, which can be later used as a tool for other study areas. The results of the study highlight Balaneasa, Bâsca Chiojdului and Sărăţel river basins, which record the highest shares of areas suitable for afforestation

Assessment of Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Floods in the Bâsca Chiojdului Catchment Area

Hydrological risk phenomena such as floods are among the most costly natural disasters worldwide, effects consisting of socioeconomic damages and deaths. The Bâsca Chiojdului catchment area, by its morphometric and hydrographic peculiarities, is prone to generate these hydrological risk phenomena, so there is a high vulnerability in the socioeconomic elements. This paper is focused on the identification of the main socioeconomic elements vulnerable to hydrological risk phenomena such as floods, based on the assessment of their manifestation potential. Thus, following the delimitation of areas with the highest flood occurrence potential (susceptibility to floods), major socioeconomic factors existing in the basin, considering human settlements (constructions), transport infrastructure, and agricultural areas (the most important category), were superimposed. Results showed a high vulnerability for all three exposed socioeconomic elements especially in valley sectors, of which household structures were the most vulnerable, given both their importance and the high number of areas highly exposed to floods (approximately 2,500 houses and outbuildings, out of a total of about 10,250, intersect the most susceptible area to floods in the study area)